
\documentclass[journal,article,submit,pdftex,moreauthors]{Definitions/mdpi} 
\firstpage{1} 
\makeatletter 
\setcounter{page}{\@firstpage} 
\makeatother
\pubvolume{1}
\issuenum{1}
\articlenumber{0}
\pubyear{2025}
\copyrightyear{2025}
\datereceived{ } 
\daterevised{ } 
\dateaccepted{ } 
\datepublished{ } 
\hreflink{https://doi.org/} 
\Title{Title}

% MDPI internal command: Title for citation in the left column
\TitleCitation{Title}

% Author Orchid ID: enter ID or remove command
\newcommand{\orcidauthorA}{0000-0000-0000-000X} % Add \orcidA{} behind the author's name
%\newcommand{\orcidauthorB}{0000-0000-0000-000X} % Add \orcidB{} behind the author's name

% Authors, for the paper (add full first names)
\Author{Firstname Lastname $^{1,\dagger,\ddagger}$\orcidA{}, Firstname Lastname $^{2,\ddagger}$ and Firstname Lastname $^{2,}$*}

%\longauthorlist{yes}

% MDPI internal command: Authors, for metadata in PDF
\AuthorNames{Firstname Lastname, Firstname Lastname and Firstname Lastname}

\isAPAStyle{%
       \AuthorCitation{Lastname, F., Lastname, F., \& Lastname, F.}
         }{%
        \isChicagoStyle{%
        \AuthorCitation{Lastname, Firstname, Firstname Lastname, and Firstname Lastname.}
        }{
        \AuthorCitation{Lastname, F.; Lastname, F.; Lastname, F.}
        }
}

% Affiliations / Addresses (Add [1] after \address if there is only one affiliation.)
\address{%
$^{1}$ \quad Affiliation 1; e-mail@e-mail.com\\
$^{2}$ \quad Affiliation 2; e-mail@e-mail.com}

% Contact information of the corresponding author
\corres{Correspondence: e-mail@e-mail.com; Tel.: (optional; include country code; if there are multiple corresponding authors, add author initials) +xx-xxxx-xxx-xxxx (F.L.)}

% Current address and/or shared authorship
\firstnote{Current address: Affiliation.}  % Current address should not be the same as any items in the Affiliation section.
\secondnote{These authors contributed equally to this work.}

\begin{document}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\setcounter{section}{-1} %% Remove this when starting to work on the template.
\section{How to Use this Template}

The template details the sections that can be used in a manuscript. Note that the order and names of article sections may differ from the requirements of the journal (e.g., the positioning of the Materials and Methods section). Please check the instructions on the authors' page of the journal to verify the correct order and names. For any questions, please contact the editorial office of the journal or support@mdpi.com. For LaTeX-related questions please contact latex@mdpi.com.%\endnote{This is an endnote.} % To use endnotes, please un-comment \printendnotes below (before References). Only journal Laws uses \footnote.

% The order of the section titles is different for some journals. Please refer to the "Instructions for Authors” on the journal homepage.

\section{Introduction}

The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance. The current state of the research field should be reviewed carefully and key publications cited. Please highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the principal conclusions. As far as possible, please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research. Citing a journal paper \citep{ref-journal}.  Now citing a book reference \citep{ref-book1,ref-book2} or other reference types \citep{ref-unpublish,ref-url}. Please use the command \citep{ref-proceeding,ref-thesis} for the following MDPI journals, which use author--date citation: Administrative Sciences, Arts, Behavioral Sciences, Businesses, Econometrics, Economies, Education Sciences, European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, Games, Genealogy, Histories, Humanities, Humans, IJFS, Journal of Intelligence, Journalism and Media, JRFM, Languages, Laws, Literature, Psychology International, Publications, Religions, Risks, Social Sciences, Tourism and Hospitality, Youth. 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Materials and Methods}
\subsection{Methods}

\subsection{Schedulers}
\begin{itemize}
\item\textbf{single.cpp}\\
This file contains the implementaion of serial matrix addition and multipliacation.
The program begins by allocating memory and initializing the input matrices
.It subbsequently executes either matrix addition or matrix 
multiplication , depending on the intended operation.
Execution times are then meansured and printed for performance evaluation. Finally , it should be noted that this implementation does not make use 
of process creation fork , nor does it involve any parallel or connsurrent processing.
\item\textbf{sched\_mmap.cpp}\\
This file implements parallel matrix processing using mmap and fork().
The program uses fork() to create a seeparate process for each child matrxix row.
Each row is assigned to an individual child  process using a multi-child processing model.
Shared memory is allocated via the create\_shared\_matrix() function , which utilizes mmap
to enhance speed and efficiency , while avoidin data coppying between processes.
Finally, the parent process waits for all child processes to complete using the wait() funaction.
\item\textbf{sched\_mmap\_100.cpp}\\
This file implementts multiprocessing-based matrix addition and multplication.
The program initializes in shared memory using the mmap system call.
It then performs both addition and multiplication operations in parallel, ultizing 100 child processes.
Each process is assigned a block of matrxi rows to compute inde[endently, improving performance through workload distribution 
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Computing Machines}

\begin{quote}
This is an example of a quote.
\end{quote}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Experimental Scenario and Results}
\subsection{Addition}
\subsubsection{CPU}
%\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\subsubsection{ARMS}
\subsubsection{GPU}
\subsection{Multiplication}
\subsubsection{CPU}
\subsubsection{ARMS}
\subsubsection{GPU}

Bulleted lists look like this:
\begin{itemize}
\item	First bullet;
\item	Second bullet;
\item	Third bullet.
\end{itemize}

Numbered lists can be added as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item	First item; 
\item	Second item;
\item	Third item.
\end{enumerate}

The text continues here.

\subsection{Figures, Tables and Schemes}

All figures and tables should be cited in the main text as Figure~\ref{fig1}, Table~\ref{tab1}, etc.
   
\unskip

\begin{table}[H] 
%\small % Change table font size
\caption{This is a table caption. Tables should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are~cited.\label{tab1}}
%\isPreprints{\centering}{} % Only used for preprints
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{CCC}
\toprule
\textbf{Title 1}	& \textbf{Title 2}	& \textbf{Title 3}\\
\midrule
Entry 1		& Data			& Data\\
Entry 2		& Data			& Data \textsuperscript{1}\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}

\noindent{\footnotesize{\textsuperscript{1} Tables may have a footer.}}
\end{table}

The text continues here (Figure~\ref{fig2} and Table~\ref{tab2}).
 

\begin{table}[H]
\caption{This is a wide table.\label{tab2}}
%\isPreprints{\centering}{% This command is only used for ``preprints''.
	\begin{adjustwidth}{-\extralength}{0cm}
%} % If the paper is ``preprints'', please uncomment this parenthesis.
%\isPreprints{\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{CCCC}}{% This command is only used for ``preprints''.
		\begin{tabularx}{\fulllength}{CCCC}
%} % If the paper is ``preprints'', please uncomment this parenthesis.
			\toprule
			\textbf{Title 1}	& \textbf{Title 2}	& \textbf{Title 3}     & \textbf{Title 4}\\
			\midrule
\multirow[m]{3}{*}{Entry 1 *}	& Data			& Data			& Data\\
			  	                   & Data			& Data			& Data\\
			             	      & Data			& Data			& Data\\
                   \midrule
\multirow[m]{3}{*}{Entry 2}    & Data			& Data			& Data\\
			  	                  & Data			& Data			& Data\\
			             	     & Data			& Data			& Data\\
			\bottomrule
		\end{tabularx}
%		\isPreprints{}{% This command is only used for ``preprints''.
	\end{adjustwidth}
%} % If the paper is ``preprints'', please uncomment this parenthesis.
	\noindent{\footnotesize{* Tables may have a footer.}}
\end{table}



Text.

Text.

\subsection{Formatting of Mathematical Components}

This is the example 1 of equation:
\begin{linenomath}
\begin{equation}
a = 1,
\end{equation}
\end{linenomath}
the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular text.
%% If the documentclass option "submit" is chosen, please insert a blank line before and after any math environment (equation and eqnarray environments). This ensures correct linenumbering. The blank line should be removed when the documentclass option is changed to "accept" because the text following an equation should not be a new paragraph.

This is the example 2 of equation:
%\isPreprints{}{% This command is only used for ``preprints''.
\begin{adjustwidth}{-\extralength}{0cm}
%} % If the paper is ``preprints'', please uncomment this parenthesis.
\begin{equation}
a = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p + q + r + s + t + u + v + w + x + y + z
\end{equation}
%\isPreprints{}{% This command is only used for ``preprints''.
\end{adjustwidth}
%} % If the paper is ``preprints'', please uncomment this parenthesis.

%% Example of a page in landscape format (with table and table footnote).
%\startlandscape
%\begin{table}[H] %% Table in wide page
%%\isPreprints{\centering}{} % This command is only used for ``preprints''.
%\caption{This is a very wide table.\label{tab3}}
%	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{CCCC}
%		\toprule
%		\textbf{Title 1}	& \textbf{Title 2}	& \textbf{Title 3}	& \textbf{Title 4}\\
%		\midrule
%		Entry 1		& Data			& Data			& This cell has some longer content that runs over two lines.\\
%		Entry 2		& Data			& Data			& Data\textsuperscript{1}\\
%		\bottomrule
%	\end{tabularx}
%%\isPreprints{}{% This command is only used for ``preprints''.
%	\begin{adjustwidth}{+\extralength}{0cm}
%%} % If the paper is ``preprints'', please uncomment this parenthesis.
%		\noindent\footnotesize{\textsuperscript{1} This is a table footnote.}
%%\isPreprints{}{% This command is only used for ``preprints''.
%	\end{adjustwidth}
%%} % If the paper is ``preprints'', please uncomment this parenthesis.
%\end{table}
%\finishlandscape


Please punctuate equations as regular text. Theorem-type environments (including propositions, lemmas, corollaries etc.) can be formatted as follows:
%% Example of a theorem:
\begin{Theorem}
Example text of a theorem.
\end{Theorem}

The text continues here. Proofs must be formatted as follows:

%% Example of a proof:
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem 1]
Text of the proof. Note that the phrase ``of Theorem 1'' is optional if it is clear which theorem is being referred to.
\end{proof}
The text continues here.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Discussion}

Authors should discuss the results and how they can be interpreted from the perspective of previous studies and of the working hypotheses. The findings and their implications should be discussed in the broadest context possible. Future research directions may also be highlighted.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Conclusions}

This section is not mandatory, but can be added to the manuscript if the discussion is unusually long or complex.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Patents}

This section is not mandatory, but may be added if there are patents resulting from the work reported in this manuscript.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vspace{6pt} 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% optional
%\supplementary{The following supporting information can be downloaded at:  \linksupplementary{s1}, Figure S1: title; Table S1: title; Video S1: title.}

% Only for journal Methods and Protocols:
% If you wish to submit a video article, please do so with any other supplementary material.
% \supplementary{The following supporting information can be downloaded at: \linksupplementary{s1}, Figure S1: title; Table S1: title; Video S1: title. A supporting video article is available at doi: link.}

% Only used for preprtints:
% \supplementary{The following supporting information can be downloaded at the website of this paper posted on \href{https://www.preprints.org/}{Preprints.org}.}

% Only for journal Hardware:
% If you wish to submit a video article, please do so with any other supplementary material.
% \supplementary{The following supporting information can be downloaded at: \linksupplementary{s1}, Figure S1: title; Table S1: title; Video S1: title.\vspace{6pt}\\
%\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{lll}
%\toprule
%\textbf{Name} & \textbf{Type} & \textbf{Description} \\
%\midrule
%S1 & Python script (.py) & Script of python source code used in XX \\
%S2 & Text (.txt) & Script of modelling code used to make Figure X \\
%S3 & Text (.txt) & Raw data from experiment X \\
%S4 & Video (.mp4) & Video demonstrating the hardware in use \\
%... & ... & ... \\
%\bottomrule
%\end{tabularx}
%}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\authorcontributions{For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used ``Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing---original draft preparation, X.X.; writing---review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.'', please turn to the  \href{http://img.mdpi.org/data/contributor-role-instruction.pdf}{CRediT taxonomy} for the term explanation. Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work~reported.}

\funding{Please add: ``This research received no external funding'' or ``This research was funded by NAME OF FUNDER grant number XXX.'' and  and ``The APC was funded by XXX''. Check carefully that the details given are accurate and use the standard spelling of funding agency names at \url{https://search.crossref.org/funding}, any errors may affect your future funding.}

\institutionalreview{In this section, you should add the Institutional Review Board Statement and approval number, if relevant to your study. You might choose to exclude this statement if the study did not require ethical approval. Please note that the Editorial Office might ask you for further information. Please add “The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of NAME OF INSTITUTE (protocol code XXX and date of approval).” for studies involving humans. OR “The animal study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of NAME OF INSTITUTE (protocol code XXX and date of approval).” for studies involving animals. OR “Ethical review and approval were waived for this study due to REASON (please provide a detailed justification).” OR “Not applicable” for studies not involving humans or animals.}

\informedconsent{Any research article describing a study involving humans should contain this statement. Please add ``Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.'' OR ``Patient consent was waived due to REASON (please provide a detailed justification).'' OR ``Not applicable'' for studies not involving humans. You might also choose to exclude this statement if the study did not involve humans.

Written informed consent for publication must be obtained from participating patients who can be identified (including by the patients themselves). Please state ``Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient(s) to publish this paper'' if applicable.}

\dataavailability{We encourage all authors of articles published in MDPI journals to share their research data. In this section, please provide details regarding where data supporting reported results can be found, including links to publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the study. Where no new data were created, or where data is unavailable due to privacy or ethical restrictions, a statement is still required. Suggested Data Availability Statements are available in section ``MDPI Research Data Policies'' at \url{https://www.mdpi.com/ethics}.} 

% Only for journal Drones
%\durcstatement{Current research is limited to the [please insert a specific academic field, e.g., XXX], which is beneficial [share benefits and/or primary use] and does not pose a threat to public health or national security. Authors acknowledge the dual-use potential of the research involving xxx and confirm that all necessary precautions have been taken to prevent potential misuse. As an ethical responsibility, authors strictly adhere to relevant national and international laws about DURC. Authors advocate for responsible deployment, ethical considerations, regulatory compliance, and transparent reporting to mitigate misuse risks and foster beneficial outcomes.}

% Only for journal Nursing Reports
%\publicinvolvement{Please describe how the public (patients, consumers, carers) were involved in the research. Consider reporting against the GRIPP2 (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public) checklist. If the public were not involved in any aspect of the research add: ``No public involvement in any aspect of this research''.}
%
%% Only for journal Nursing Reports
%\guidelinesstandards{Please add a statement indicating which reporting guideline was used when drafting the report. For example, ``This manuscript was drafted against the XXX (the full name of reporting guidelines and citation) for XXX (type of research) research''. A complete list of reporting guidelines can be accessed via the equator network: \url{https://www.equator-network.org/}.}
%
%% Only for journal Nursing Reports
%\useofartificialintelligence{Please describe in detail any and all uses of artificial intelligence (AI) or AI-assisted tools used in the preparation of the manuscript. This may include, but is not limited to, language translation, language editing and grammar, or generating text. Alternatively, please state that “AI or AI-assisted tools were not used in drafting any aspect of this manuscript”.}

\acknowledgments{In this section you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments). Where GenAI has been used for purposes such as generating text, data, or graphics, or for study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, please add “During the preparation of this manuscript/study, the author(s) used [tool name, version information] for the purposes of [description of use]. The authors have reviewed and edited the output and take full responsibility for the content of this publication.”}

\conflictsofinterest{Declare conflicts of interest or state ``The authors declare no conflicts of interest.'' Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state ``The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results''.} 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Optional

%% Only for journal Encyclopedia
%\entrylink{The Link to this entry published on the encyclopedia platform.}

\abbreviations{Abbreviations}{
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:
\\

\noindent 
\begin{tabular}{@{}ll}
MDPI & Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\\
DOAJ & Directory of open access journals\\
TLA & Three letter acronym\\
LD & Linear dichroism
\end{tabular}
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Optional
\appendixtitles{no} % Leave argument "no" if all appendix headings stay EMPTY (then no dot is printed after "Appendix A"). If the appendix sections contain a heading then change the argument to "yes".
\appendixstart
\appendix
\section[\appendixname~\thesection]{}
\subsection[\appendixname~\thesubsection]{}
The appendix is an optional section that can contain details and data supplemental to the main text---for example, explanations of experimental details that would disrupt the flow of the main text but nonetheless remain crucial to understanding and reproducing the research shown; figures of replicates for experiments of which representative data are shown in the main text can be added here if brief, or as Supplementary Data. Mathematical proofs of results not central to the paper can be added as an appendix.

\begin{table}[H] 
\caption{This is a table caption.\label{tab5}}
%\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{CCC}
\toprule
\textbf{Title 1}	& \textbf{Title 2}	& \textbf{Title 3}\\
\midrule
Entry 1		& Data			& Data\\
Entry 2		& Data			& Data\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section[\appendixname~\thesection]{}
All appendix sections must be cited in the main text. In the appendices, Figures, Tables, etc. should be labeled, starting with ``A''---e.g., Figure A1, Figure A2, etc.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\isPreprints{}{% This command is only used for ``preprints''.
\begin{adjustwidth}{-\extralength}{0cm}
%} % If the paper is ``preprints'', please uncomment this parenthesis.
%\printendnotes[custom] % Un-comment to print a list of endnotes

\reftitle{References}

% Please provide either the correct journal abbreviation (e.g. according to the “List of Title Word Abbreviations” http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/) or the full name of the journal.
% Citations and References in Supplementary files are permitted provided that they also appear in the reference list here. 

%=====================================
% References, variant A: external bibliography
%=====================================
% \bibliography{your_external_BibTeX_file}

%=====================================
% References, variant B: internal bibliography
%=====================================

% ACS format
\isAPAandChicago{}{%
\begin{thebibliography}{999}
% Reference 1
\bibitem[Author1(year)]{ref-journal}
Author~1, T. The title of the cited article. {\em Journal Abbreviation} {\bf 2008}, {\em 10}, 142--149.
% Reference 2
\bibitem[Author2(year)]{ref-book1}
Author~2, L. The title of the cited contribution. In {\em The Book Title}; Editor 1, F., Editor 2, A., Eds.; Publishing House: City, Country, 2007; pp. 32--58.
% Reference 3
\bibitem[Author1 and Author2 (year)]{ref-book2}
Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. \textit{Book Title}, 3rd ed.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, 2008; pp. 154--196.
% Reference 4
\bibitem[Author4(year)]{ref-unpublish}
Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C. Title of Unpublished Work. \textit{Abbreviated Journal Name} year, \textit{phrase indicating stage of publication (submitted; accepted; in press)}.
% Reference 5
\bibitem[Author8(year)]{ref-url}
Title of Site. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year).
% Reference 6
\bibitem[Author6(year)]{ref-proceeding}
Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D.; Author 3, E.F. Title of presentation. In Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Date of Conference (Day Month Year); Abstract Number (optional), Pagination (optional).
% Reference 7
\bibitem[Author7(year)]{ref-thesis}
Author 1, A.B. Title of Thesis. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, Location of University, Date of Completion.
\end{thebibliography}
}

% Chicago format (Used for journal: arts, genealogy, histories, humanities, jintelligence, laws, literature, religions, risks, socsci)
\isChicagoStyle{%
\begin{thebibliography}{999}
% Reference 1
\bibitem[Aranceta-Bartrina(1999a)]{ref-journal}
Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier. 1999a. Title of the cited article. \textit{Journal Title} 6: 100--10.
% Reference 2
\bibitem[Aranceta-Bartrina(1999b)]{ref-book1}
Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier. 1999b. Title of the chapter. In \textit{Book Title}, 2nd ed. Edited by Editor 1 and Editor 2. Publication place: Publisher, vol. 3, pp. 54–96.
% Reference 3
\bibitem[Baranwal and Munteanu {[1921]}(1955)]{ref-book2}
Baranwal, Ajay K., and Costea Munteanu. 1955. \textit{Book Title}. Publication place: Publisher, pp. 154--96. First published 1921 (op-tional).
% Reference 4
\bibitem[Berry and Smith(1999)]{ref-thesis}
Berry, Evan, and Amy M. Smith. 1999. Title of Thesis. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, City, Country. Identifi-cation information (if available).
% Reference 5
\bibitem[Cojocaru et al.(1999)]{ref-unpublish}
Cojocaru, Ludmila, Dragos Constatin Sanda, and Eun Kyeong Yun. 1999. Title of Unpublished Work. \textit{Journal Title}, phrase indicating stage of publication.
% Reference 6
\bibitem[Driver et al.(2000)]{ref-proceeding}
Driver, John P., Steffen Rohrs, and Sean Meighoo. 2000. Title of Presentation. In \textit{Title of the Collected Work} (if available). Paper presented at Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Date of Conference.
% Reference 7
\bibitem[Harwood(2008)]{ref-url}
Harwood, John. 2008. Title of the cited article. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year).
\end{thebibliography}
}{}

% APA format (Used for journal: admsci, behavsci, businesses, econometrics, economies, education, ejihpe, games, humans, ijfs, journalmedia, jrfm, languages, psycholint, publications, tourismhosp, youth)
\isAPAStyle{%
\begin{thebibliography}{999}
% Reference 1
\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Azikiwe \BBA\ Bello}{{2020a}}]{ref-journal}
Azikiwe, H., \& Bello, A. (2020a). Title of the cited article. \textit{Journal Title}, \textit{Volume}(Issue), 
Firstpage--Lastpage/Article Number.
% Reference 2
\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Azikiwe \BBA\ Bello}{{2020b}}]{ref-book1}
Azikiwe, H., \& Bello, A. (2020b). \textit{Book title}. Publisher Name.
% Reference 3
\bibitem[Davison(1623/2019)]{ref-book2}
Davison, T. E. (2019). Title of the book chapter. In A. A. Editor (Ed.), \textit{Title of the book: Subtitle} 
(pp. Firstpage--Lastpage). Publisher Name. (Original work published 1623) (Optional).
% Reference 4
\bibitem[Fistek et al.(2017)]{ref-proceeding}
Fistek, A., Jester, E., \& Sonnenberg, K. (2017, Month Day). Title of contribution [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, Conference City, Conference Country.
% Reference 5
\bibitem[Hutcheson(2012)]{ref-thesis}
Hutcheson, V. H. (2012). \textit{Title of the thesis} [XX Thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree].
% Reference 6
\bibitem[Lippincott \& Poindexter(2019)]{ref-unpublish}
Lippincott, T., \& Poindexter, E. K. (2019). \textit{Title of the unpublished manuscript} [Unpublished manuscript/Manuscript in prepara-tion/Manuscript submitted for publication]. Department Name, Institution Name.
% Reference 7
\bibitem[Harwood(2008)]{ref-url}
Harwood, J. (2008). \textit{Title of the cited article}. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year).
\end{thebibliography}
}{}

% If authors have biography, please use the format below
%\section*{Short Biography of Authors}
%\bio
%{\raisebox{-0.35cm}{\includegraphics[width=3.5cm,height=5.3cm,clip,keepaspectratio]{Definitions/author1.pdf}}}
%{\textbf{Firstname Lastname} Biography of first author}
%
%\bio
%{\raisebox{-0.35cm}{\includegraphics[width=3.5cm,height=5.3cm,clip,keepaspectratio]{Definitions/author2.jpg}}}
%{\textbf{Firstname Lastname} Biography of second author}

% For the MDPI journals use author-date citation, please follow the formatting guidelines on http://www.mdpi.com/authors/references
% To cite two works by the same author: \citeauthor{ref-journal-1a} (\citeyear{ref-journal-1a}, \citeyear{ref-journal-1b}). This produces: Whittaker (1967, 1975)
% To cite two works by the same author with specific pages: \citeauthor{ref-journal-3a} (\citeyear{ref-journal-3a}, p. 328; \citeyear{ref-journal-3b}, p.475). This produces: Wong (1999, p. 328; 2000, p. 475)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% for journal Sci
%\reviewreports{\\
%Reviewer 1 comments and authors’ response\\
%Reviewer 2 comments and authors’ response\\
%Reviewer 3 comments and authors’ response
%}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\PublishersNote{}
%\isPreprints{}{% This command is only used for ``preprints''.
\end{adjustwidth}
%} % If the paper is ``preprints'', please uncomment this parenthesis.
\end{document}

